Historical Highlights 325AD-500AD
Reformed Church
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325: |
Council of Nicea defines the person of Christ (one substance with the Father/coequal/coeternal) |
328: |
Athanasius becomes bishop of Alexandria c. 330: Bishop of Rome becomes increasingly influential (setting the stage for the "pope") |
337: |
Constantine dies |
339: |
Ambrose born |
354: |
Augustine born |
359: |
Arian influence reaches its peak |
362: |
Roman Emperor Julian ("the Apostate") restores paganism, he dies the next year |
367: |
Athanasius circulates a letter listing the NT canon (it matches our NT books) |
381: |
Council of Constantinople (Who is the Holy Spirit? Questions concerning the Trinity), result: Nicene Creed reaffirmed, Arianisms rebuffed, Holy Spirit’s Diety affirmed |
382: |
Jerome begins translation of Latin Vulgate (Hebrew OT/Greek NT into Latin) |
386: |
Ambrose of Milan declares: "The emperor is within the church, not above the church" |
387: |
Conversion of Augustine, his Confessions and City of God our classic works |
398: |
Chrysostom becomes bishop of Constantinople |
405: |
Jerome finishes translation of Bible into Latin (becomes the standard Bible for next 1,000 years) |
410: |
Pope becoming more powerful politically as Roman Empire declines in power |
421: |
Pelagiansims (man can choose good and come to God on his own) vs. Augustinianism (man is dead in sin and cannot come to God on his own); Pelagianism will be condemned in church councils throughout 5th century) |
428: |
Athanasian Creed (deals especially with Trinity, Incarnation, and redemption) |
430: |
Augustine's On Christian Doctrine—a classic work on biblical interpretation—he dies later that year |
432: |
Patrick goes to Ireland as a missionary (where he once was a slave) |
435: |
Semipelagianism, espoused by John Cassian, takes root—human beings can take the first step toward God after which God's grace accomplishes their salvation |
445: |
The papacy becomes authoritative throughout Europe |
451: |
Council of Chalcedon (confirms orthodox teaching that Jesus was truly God and truly man and existed in one Person) |
476: |
The "Fall of the Roman Empire," the position of "Roman Emperor" remains vacant after Romulus Augustulus deposed, recognized as the beginning of the Early Middle Ages (Dark Ages), feudalism develops |